Numerous High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) submarine cables have been installed in Europe and more are yet to come. Such transmission allows the trading of energy or the supply of isolated areas with almost no limitations on distance (typically 100-1000km). Interconnections such as NorNed and soon Nord Link and North Sea Link will provide a safe path for the large integration of renewable energies in northern Europe (Figure 1).
SULPHUR hexafluoride, SF6, is the most common compressed gas used in high voltage power equipment since the 1950s and in HV transmissions and substations applications (GIS, GCB, GIL …), SF6 holds a prominent place because of its dielectric and chemical performance (high dielectric strength, non-toxicity, low condensation temperature, thermal stability, non-flammability, chemical inactivity with the other constituent materials of the apparatus, availability and moderate cost). It is one of the best insulators gas known today.
Why do we stil need experimental test-rigs in hydraulic sciences? We use extensively computatinal sciences to estiate performances of runners. Although it is accurate, Computatinal Fluid Dynamics (CFD) need to be checked with experimental data especially for cavitatin and transients. For that reason when prototype machines are greater than 5 MW or larger than 3 m of diameter it is mandatory to estiate on reduced scaled model with a great accuracy performances according to IEC 60193.
Why do we stil need experimental test-rigs in hydraulic sciences? We use extensively computatinal sciences to estiate performances of runners. Although it is accurate, Computatinal Fluid Dynamics (CFD) need to be checked with experimental data especially for cavitatin and transients. For that reason when prototype machines are greater than 5 MW or larger than 3 m of diameter it is mandatory to estiate on reduced scaled model with a great accuracy performances according to IEC 60193.
The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), founded in 1935, is a worldwide independent organisation of engineers and water specialists working in fields related to the hydro-environmental sciences and their practical application. The 28th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems took place in Grenoble on July.
EPE ECCE Europe is the largest conference on power electronics and its applications. SuperGrid Institute targeted this conference to enlighten its research and results for HVDC, MTDC and grid related subjects.
PROMOTioN is a 4 years project starting January 2016, with a 40 M€ EU funding, involving 35 Industrial and Academics Participants. It aims to develop meshed HVDC offshore grids on the basis of cost-effective and reliable technological innovation, in combination with a sound political, financial and legal regulatory framework.
Supergrid Institute is deploying real-time modelling and simulation facilities applied to the analysis of emerging HVDC electricity networks, in collaboration with OPAL-RT. The new platform is aimed at testing and assessing the grid architectures, the control and the protection strategies proposed by our research teams.
The design of reliable high voltage equipment remains a challenge nowadays. The surface charge accumulation at gas/solid interface is a major problem of HVDC GIS/GIL. The electric field can be distorted and the dielectric strength of the system can be thus reduced dramatically due to surface charges.
The development of HVDC networks leads to an increasing need of Gas Insulating Substations (HVDC-GIS). When an insulator is subjected to high thermoelectric dc DC stress, space charge accumulation can induce local increases of the electric field, which must be known and taken into account for the equipment design when the fields exceed several kV/mm.
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